{"id":13098,"date":"2024-12-04T10:38:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T05:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/?page_id=13098"},"modified":"2025-02-17T17:49:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T12:19:33","slug":"dr-pramod-kumar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/dr-pramod-kumar\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Pramod Kumar"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13098\" class=\"elementor elementor-13098\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6c0344 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"e6c0344\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7bca152\" data-id=\"7bca152\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-511d5d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"511d5d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr. Pramod Kumar\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550584f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"550584f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Institute for Development and Communication (IDC) is a premier autonomous research,\ntraining and evaluation organisation of North-West of India.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8abc9f1\" data-id=\"8abc9f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50044607 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50044607\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2198bb43\" data-id=\"2198bb43\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6abc8ae7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6abc8ae7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:120,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-152973ab\" data-id=\"152973ab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc4fdba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc4fdba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"849\" height=\"849\" src=\"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dr-prmod.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-13846\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dr-prmod.jpeg 849w, https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dr-prmod-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dr-prmod-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/dr-prmod-768x768.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 849px) 100vw, 849px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f34af90\" data-id=\"f34af90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24efebf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24efebf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dr Pramod Kumar, Chairperson<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a61287 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7a61287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2de595c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2de595c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prof. Pramod Kumar is Chairperson, Institute for Development and Communication (IDC), and Centre for\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Advanced\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Studies\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Social\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Science\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and Management (CASSM), Chandigarh. Prof. Kumar received his Ph.D from Panjab University on Violence in Indian Politics. He became Director of Institute for Development and Communication in 1992. And remained as Chairperson of Punjab Governance Reforms Commission from 2009 to 2017 and also Chairperson of Haryana Governance Reforms Authority (HGRA) from January, 2017 to 2022. He,\u00a0\u00a0 was\u00a0 Chief Advisor, Governance\u00a0\u00a0 Reforms Uttarakhand,from2022-2023. His work\u00a0 focuses\u00a0 on 3 interrelated themes in the domain of Social Development, Citizens\u2019 Social Security and Safety Nets; Politics of Development for Conflict Management and Resolution; and Practice of Democracy through Empirical Methodologies and Analysis of Public Policy. He is a recipient of the prestigious Homi Bhabha Award for the year 1988-1990. He has held numerous visiting assignments, including visiting professor the Legal Studies Department, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Conflict and Peace Research, Uppsala University, Sweden.<\/p><p>Beginning with his first work on Violence and Indian Politics Prof. Kumar\u2019s research interests include Ethnic Divides in a Multicultural Society, Political Economy of Punjab, Peace Building and Conflict Management in South Asia, Post Conflict Reintegration, Politics of Deprivation and Discrimination with Special Reference to Dalits, Policing in a Multicultural Democratic Societies and Combating Terrorism with Implications for Citizen Rights. He has conducted a number of field-based studies on Good Governance and Law Enforcement, Coalition Politics in India, Rural Suicides in Punjab, and Quality of Urban Governance.<\/p><p>Prof. Kumar is a Member of Transcend, a Peace and Development Network for Conflict Transformation by Peaceful Means, Senate Member of Panjab University, Chandigarh. In addition, he is on the editorial board of some of the academic journals.<\/p><p>Research engagements include publications with recent works being The Idea of New India: Three Essays in Defense of Critical Thought, Electoral Politics in India: Contextualising Changing Contours (2010); South Asia Predicament: Hostage to Conflicts and Peace Deficit (2008), Polluting Sacred Faith (1992), and co-authored Mapping Criminal Justice Delivery in India (2009), Victims of Militancy (2001), Punjab Crisis : Context and Trends, 1984 and Towards Understanding Communalism (1992) (edited). He has contributed a series of research articles on Electoral Politics in India in books on Indian politics i.e. 1998 Elections: Regionalism, Hindutva and State Politics (1999), India\u2019s 1999 Elections and 20th Century Politics (2003) and India\u2019s 2004 Elections: Grassroots and National Perspectives (2007), India\u2019s 2014 Elections: A Modiled Sweep (2015) edited by Paul Wallace and Ramashray Roy and published by Sage; Coalition Politics in India (2014) edited by E. Sridharan published by Academic Foundation; and Punjab Politics: Contesting Identities and Forging Coalitions published in EPW, January 2017. He has also written and contributed research articles on Dalit Identity, Violence and Terrorism, Coalition Politics in edited books.<\/p><p>He has also produced resource material and tools for capacity building for resolution of conflicts. This includes Model Plan of Action for Communial Riots Management, Package on Social harmony (including handbook, facilitator guide and videos), Handbook on Conflict Resolution: Strategies and Skills for South Asia, Module on Conflict Resolution for Distance Learning, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, Manual on Approaches, Strategies and Skills for Resolution of Conflicts, and Package on Institutionalising Community Policing in Punjab (handbook, resource material.<\/p><p>He has also provided international forums for Master Class in Critical Research, Methods and Methodologies: Social Sciences, Religions and History (2019), International Conference on Governance for the Margins (2018), Citizen-Centric Governance (2015), Policing Terrorism (2009), Identifying Peace Issues for Research in South Asia 1 | P a g e and courses on Conflict Resolution between 20052007.<\/p><p>In recent years Prof. Kumar\u2019s participation in professional forums includes presentations on \u2018Unfolding Challenges of Democracy in India\u2019, in Asia and African studies (ASAFAS) Kyoto University, Japan in 2019, Dalit Identity Architecture in International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands in 2012, Rule of Law Indicators at Vera Institute of Justice, New York (2008); Police Accountability Spectrum and Security Sector Reforms in European University, Budapest (2007), Police Complaints System in Nigeria in CLEEN Foundation, Lagos (2006) and in a number of seminars organised by various universities and research organisations. He has also actively participated in workshops on issues relating to Conflicts in South Asia, Religious Violence and Peace Building in Uppsala University, Sweden; University of Missouri-Columbia, USA, and University of Victoria, Canada and in various other forums.<\/p><p>He has also provided international forums for Policing Terrorism (2009), Identifying Peace Issues for Research in South Asia and courses on Conflict Resolution between 2005 and 2007.<\/p><p>He was invited to make a presentation on Civil Services Day by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of India in Vigyan Bhawan, Delhi on \u2018Addressing the Challenges of Public Delivery\u2019, 2013. He was invited by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India to deliver talk on Governance Reforms, in the Officers\u2019 Retreat In National Institute of Financial Management, Faridabad, 2013.<\/p><p>He is also a regular contributor to popular journals and newspapers on themes relevant to contemporary social and political reality. Prof. Kumar has contributed more than 400 write-ups in various newspapers and magazines. He currently writes columns in newspapers like The Hindustan Times, The Tribune, etc<\/p><p><strong>Contact:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p><p>Institute for Development and Communication (IDC) Sector 38 A, Chandigarh &#8211; 160014 (India) Tel. +91-172-4660038, 2625941 Fax. +91-172-2625942 E-mail: krpramod.idc@gmail.com\u00a0\u00a0 Website: www.idcindia.org<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c24da51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c24da51\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9bab88\" data-id=\"a9bab88\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ed9e1e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"2ed9e1e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-56657ec\" data-id=\"56657ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-badb338 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"badb338\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1. Elections <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea2e6c0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ea2e6c0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4358fa6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4358fa6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25b1f2e elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"25b1f2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Electoral_Politics_in-_Punjab_2021_updated_compressed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Electoral_Politics_in-_Punjab_2021_updated-683x1024.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Electoral_Politics_in _Punjab_2021_updated\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tElectoral Politics in Punjab\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b60d589 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b60d589\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1b7f0c elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"c1b7f0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Pramod_The_Idea_of_India_Intro_only_for_web_2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/idea_new_india_drp_2021.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"idea_new_india_drp_2021\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Idea of New India: Essays in Defence of Critical Thought(2021\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78c4831 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"78c4831\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdc0c5e elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"fdc0c5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Pramod-_-Punjab-Politics_EPW_JAN_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/EPW_drp_21-Jan_2017-573x1024.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"EPW_drp_21-Jan_2017\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPunjab Politics: Contesting Identities and forging Coalitions EPW(2017)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b4a3b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b4a3b2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f0855 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"13f0855\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Pramod_Kumar_chapter_Paul_wallace_book_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/paul_wallace_book_2015.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"paul_wallace_book_2015\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tElectoral Politics in Punjab\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0711b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0711b1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c7b843 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"2c7b843\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/CoalitionpoliticsPunjab.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Esridharan_coalition_politics_india_2014.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Esridharan_coalition_politics_india_2014\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCoalition Politics in Punjab in E. Sridharan (eds.) 'Coalition Politics in India', New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014.\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-604d22f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"604d22f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cc055 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"48cc055\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/CoalitionPolitics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2010.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"2010\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCoalition Politics: Withering of National-Regional, Ideological Positions in Paul Wallace and Ramashray Roy (eds.) 'India's 2009 Election: Coalition Politics and Congress Continuity', New Delhi: Sage Publication, 2010.\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee58dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ee58dc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c75bb77 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"c75bb77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ContextualisingReligious.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2007.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"2007\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tContextualising Religious, Caste and Regional Dynamics in Electoral Politics: Emerging Paradoxes in Paul Wallace and Ramashray Roy (eds.) 'India?s 2004 Elections: Grass-roots and National Perspectives', New Delhi: Sage Publication, 2007.\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-101b7b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"101b7b2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ce8162 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"7ce8162\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/PunjabChangingPoliticalAgenda.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1999.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"1999\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPunjab: Changing Political Agenda in Paul Wallace and Ramashray Roy (eds.) 'Indian Politics and the 1998 Elections: Regionalism, Hindutva and State Politics', New Delhi: Sage Publication, 1999.\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3727944 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3727944\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03aed78 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"03aed78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idcindia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/elections_newspaper_archives.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tElections Newspaper Archives(1983-2018)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2. Punjab Politics and Development <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85334cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"85334cd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e203577 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e203577\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-497e616 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"497e616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1-Punjab_Politics_Contesting-Identities-and-Forging-Coalitions_EPW_21.1.17_Vol-LII_No3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPunjab Politics:Contesting Identities and Forging Coalitions (EPW 21st Jan 2017 Vol LII No.3)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dcc585 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9dcc585\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2df5cd3 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"2df5cd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2-Complexities-of-cooperation_Dec-08_2004.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tComplexities of cooperation : East Punjab and West Punjab: Complex responses point to complex realities (The Hindustan Times, December 08,2004)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15e0b03 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15e0b03\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6070f5 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"d6070f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/3-Comment-violence-in-Punjab-seminar-Article_oct_1995.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tComment: Violence in Punjab (SEMINAR 434 - October 1995)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2945bcf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2945bcf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93a944f elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"93a944f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/4-Education-Policy_Critique-and-Projections_Mainstream_16-11-1985.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEducation Policy: Critique and Projections (Conference, CRRID Chandigarh October 19-20, 1985)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9765f1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9765f1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff99f0 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"dff99f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/archives_news_pb_politics_and_dev1987-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNewspaper Articles - ARCHIVES (1987-2018)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 3. Communalism <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eff073 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eff073\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3001494 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3001494\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f6288a elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"4f6288a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/TOWARDS-UNDERSTANDING-COMMUNALISM-DRP-1992.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTOWARDS UNDERSTANDING COMMUNALISM(1992) - Digital Edition\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed6d192 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ed6d192\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ea563b elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"7ea563b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/4-Violence-in-Punjab-_-Comment-_-Seminar-434-_-October-1995.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tComment: Violence in Punjab (Published in Seminar Megazine in October 2005)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f00582c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f00582c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9ca004 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"a9ca004\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/news-27-8-17.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAndh Bhakti Par Falta Babao Ka Samrajye (Dainik Tribune 27th Aug 2017)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cb3a88 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1cb3a88\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b415f80 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"b415f80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/3-No-Alternative-to-Political-Struggle-_-Mainstream-_-06_04_91.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNo Alternative to Political Struggle (April, 1991)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cee20ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cee20ac\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7162b1 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"f7162b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/news-26-8-17.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTrading with blind Faith (Tribune 26th Aug 2017)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4571aee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4571aee\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f160e6 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"6f160e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2-Not-by-Repession-Alone-_-The-Spark-_-Vol-1-No-1-_-15.08.87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNot by Repression Alone (The Spark, Vol.1 No.1, August 15, 1987)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f32adeb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f32adeb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3724003 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"3724003\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/news-26-8-17_TOI.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGurmeet Ram Rahim reinvented Dera Culture (Times of India 26th Aug 2017)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1112d02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1112d02\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45dafa0 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"45dafa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1-Punjab-Crisis-_-Why-Whither-_-Mainstream-_-Nehru-Number-_-May-1984.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPunjab Crisis : Why ? Whither (Mainstream Nehru Number, May 1984)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2962020 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2962020\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05dba34 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"05dba34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/6-Hinsa-sa-smapt-nahi-hogi-hinsa-_-Ajit-_-27_11_01-Formatted.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHinsa se Smapt Nahi Hogi Hinsa (Ajit 27th Nov. 2001)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e39e740 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e39e740\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c73f6a9 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"c73f6a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/5-Whose-secularism-is-hurt-The-Tribune-_-07_01_93.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWhose Secularism is hurt? (The Tribune 7th Jan 1993)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a7faaf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a7faaf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6f3080 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"e6f3080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/5-Whose-secularism-is-hurt-The-Tribune-_-07_01_93-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMerrut Riots: Alarming Signals (The Spark Vol.1 No 2-3 Jan-Feb 1988)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6fd774 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6fd774\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-443950a elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"443950a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/3-Commercial-component-as-additional-fuel-_-Patriot-_-19_07_87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCommercial Component as Additional Fuel (Patriot 19th July 1987)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3221e9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3221e9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bdae43 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"7bdae43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2-Meerut-Riots-_-Some-Alarming-signals-_-Patriot-_-17_07_87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeerut Riots: Some Alarming Signals (Patriot 17th July 1987)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3675590 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3675590\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2405a7 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"c2405a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1-Communalisation-of-Hindus-in-Punjab-_-Secular-Democracy-_-October-1982-_-Vol-15-No.-IX.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCommunalisation of Hindus in Punjab (Printed in Secular Democracy, October 1982, Vol 15 No. IX (Pages 53 to 58))\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1953\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1953\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 4. Conflict Resolution <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1953\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c780cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c780cb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1953\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a001e63 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a001e63\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f45bd elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"23f45bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/3-Chandigarh-lends-a-clue-to-Hyderabads-future-_-Deccan-Chronicle-_-4.8.13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tChandigarh lends a clue to Hyderabad's future (Deccan Chronicle, 4th September 2013)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1953\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f40b50e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f40b50e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30f2cdc elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"30f2cdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2-Constitution-Khaput-_-Asian-Age-_-16.5.10-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tConstitution Khaput (The Asian Age, 16th May 2010)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1953\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-720af36 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"720af36\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bdb907 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"7bdb907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idcindia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/1-Terrorism-_-Masked-and-Real-Face-_-The-Spark-_-Vol-1-No-1-_-15.08.87.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTerrorism: MAsked and Real Face (The Spark, Vol.1 No.1, August 15, 1987)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1954\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1954\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 5. Articles <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1954\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87dd2ba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87dd2ba\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1954\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bc8a80 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0bc8a80\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9619e elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"7b9619e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/3-Scientifically-Not-Possible-to-Calculate-Extent-of-Drug-Abuse-2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tScientifically Not Possible to Calculate Extent of Drug Abuse (2010)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1954\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70746a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70746a0\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2de1c44 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"2de1c44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2-Deccan-Herald-Freebies-for-farmers-Only-short-term-relief-March-12-2008.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFreebies for Farmers Only Short-Term Relief (Deccan Herald March 12, 2008)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1954\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2be24ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2be24ae\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-104bd62 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"104bd62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1-Gender_in-Dalit_Identity_ocas_paper-2004.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGender in Dalit Identity (printed in Puri,Harish K.(Ed.), Dalits in Regional Context, New Delhi: Rawat Publication, 2004)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1954\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf04aec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cf04aec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99956d3 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"99956d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.idcindia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/archives.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNewspaper Articles - ARCHIVES(1984-2015)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1955\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1955\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 6. Governance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1955\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3421465 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3421465\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1955\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdf542a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fdf542a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f6fab0 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"4f6fab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/4-Let-Police-Stations-Serve-People-_-HT-_-5.4.11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLet Police Stations Serve People (Hindustan Times 5th April 2011)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1955\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfb4dcd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dfb4dcd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b40a604 elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"b40a604\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/3-Crisis-of-governance-_-HT-_-20.9.10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCrisis of Governance (Hindustan Times 20th Sept 2010)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1955\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dc66ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1dc66ee\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c024fed elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"c024fed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2-paradigam-shift-in-good-governance_HT-4-9-03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tParadigam Shift in 'Good Governance' needed (Hindustan Times 4th Sept 2003)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1955\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0867dda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0867dda\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3228edf elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"3228edf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1-Towards-neo-statism-_-The-Tribune-_-24_12_93.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tComment\/Perspective: Towards Neo-Statism (The Tribune 27th Dec 1993)\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Pramod Kumar The Institute for Development and Communication (IDC) is a premier autonomous research, training and evaluation organisation of North-West of India. Dr Pramod Kumar, Chairperson Prof. Pramod Kumar is Chairperson, Institute for Development and Communication (IDC), and Centre for\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Advanced\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Studies\u00a0\u00a0 in\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Social\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Science\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and Management (CASSM), Chandigarh. Prof. Kumar received his Ph.D&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13098","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13098"}],"version-history":[{"count":70,"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13098\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15922,"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13098\/revisions\/15922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elvektechnologies.com\/idcindia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}